Which type of analysis identifies root causes of defects or problems?

Cause-and-effect analysis is a systematic approach used to identify the root causes of defects or problems within a process. This type of analysis often utilizes tools like fishbone diagrams or the 5 Whys technique, which help teams map out the problem and the various factors influencing it. By visually organizing and analyzing the causes, teams can distinguish between primary causes that require attention and secondary causes that may be less significant.

In practice, this analysis is crucial for quality improvement initiatives because it allows organizations to tackle issues at their source, leading to more effective and sustainable solutions. Understanding the root cause behind a defect or problem ensures that corrective actions are focused and impactful, ultimately improving product quality and process efficiencies.