Which concept focuses on continuous improvement in processes and products?

The concept that focuses on continuous improvement in processes and products is Kaizen. This term, which translates from Japanese as "change for better," embodies a philosophy that encourages ongoing, incremental improvements involving everyone in the organization from top management to shop floor workers. Kaizen emphasizes the importance of small, consistent changes over time, rather than seeking large-scale transformations all at once.

This approach nurtures a culture of constant improvement, where employees at all levels are encouraged to identify inefficiencies, suggest enhancements, and implement solutions. This ongoing commitment is essential in enhancing productivity, quality, and overall organizational effectiveness.

In contrast, Total Quality Management (TQM), while also aimed at improving quality and processes, encompasses a broader scope that includes the management of an entire organization towards quality enhancement rather than focusing solely on continuous improvement. Benchmarking refers to the practice of comparing business processes and performance metrics to industry bests and standards, which may not necessarily involve continuous improvement practices. Six Sigma focuses on reducing variability and defects in processes through data-driven methodologies and statistical analysis rather than the more holistic, incremental improvement approach of Kaizen.